Mingle spectrum caused by the different landcover’s spectrum mixing in one pixel on remote sensing image is the main reason to restrin the improvement of recognition precision.Spectral image is useful data to discriminate landcover, DN distribution curve in wavelength (band) order for each pixel or window on it can be obtained easily. In fact the DN curve represents the corresponding landcover’s spectrum in field by the image radiometric correction processing, the DN curve is the mingle spectrum usually. Wavelet transform is a useful method decomposing mingle spectrum into different frequency spectra which correspond to the different landcovers. Fractal dimension is the excellent index to represent these complex curves shape.By analysising the difference of the decomposed curves with the standard landcover spectrum that the landcover is to be reconized we can discriminate and recognize successfully with the spectral image. The reconizing model presented in this paper obviously has improved the recognizing accuracy of landcover, especially minerization feature, the component of landcover and the hydrocarbon microseepage in the soil from the underground oil pools etc.

Thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) remote sensing is a new technology for resources exploration which has been developed since 1980’s. It mainly detect the thermal radiation information of different ground objects, and the information include emission spectrum and surface temperature. All the spectral feature of ground objects in thermal infrared region are the function of wavelength, they are mainly related with the component and texture of ground objects. Therefore,the different gro.

Atmospheric spectral extinction measurements for the Gobi Desert were performed with a spectroradiometer and a Halon standard reference during June 1994 at the Gobi of Dunhuang,China. Optical thickness and the size distribution of aerosol particles were retrieved from results of the measurements and some related data. The comparison between the results of the measurements and those measured at some eastern parts of China shows that the aerosol model of the site was similar to the rural ones of these eastern parts of China,and also indicates that there is a certain proportion of large particles(r≥1. 0μm)in the atmosphere of this site. A comprehensive sensitivity study has also been made using numerical simulation methods to determine the effects of the variations of imaginary parts of the complex refractive index and particulate size on aerosol extinction for visible(0. 55μm)and thermal IR(10. 6 μm) wavelengths. In general,aerosol absorption is linear with imaginary part of refractive index for relatively largeparticles(for example,r=2. 0μm in the paper). For the range of particle radii(0. 01μm≤r≤10. 0 μm)given in this article,aerosol absorption is stronger dependent on the geometric radius of aerosol particulate for the visible wavelengths,and aerosol scattering is almost linear with it for the range 0. 01μm≤r≤0. 02 μm of radii in the same wavelengths.

The calculations of ice crystal scattering phase function have been carried out using ray tracing method,without consideration of the absorption,for different shapes of ice crystals often encountered in ice clouds. The results show that 22°and 46°peak are obvious for solid columns;there are small differences between the solid and hollow column phase functions, unless the side wall of the hollow column is very thin,when the hollow radius is around half of the total column radius the weak 120°peak can be seen;an additional peak appreas between 0°and 22°for bullet-like ice crystals. Some scattering characteristics are also explained by the simple geometrical analysis.

By means of NOAA/AVHHR data and the observed grassland yield,this paper analysed and modeled the arithmetical relationship between the vegetation index and the fresh grassland weight, meanwhile,predicted the grassland yield in Fukang county. The results indicated that the optimum predicted model,selected by two vegetati on index and seven predicted models,could precisely indicate the grassland yield change in the areas of which the topography is flat and the grassland type has little change. But it is unsuitable to predict the regions where the terrain is complicated and the grassland type changes largely because the predicted stability of the model becomes not very well.

Spatial decision support system (SDSS) is driven by the model which is based on geographic information system (GIS). SDSS involves the spatial problems which are hard to describe and to simulate. The paper presents SDSS’s development,function and application. SDSS is the four-bases model which is based on GIS frame: (1)database;(2)model base; (3)methodology base; (4)knowledge base. The design of SDSS is to use the spatial information and nonspatial information which integrate data and model to

Experimental area of the stUdy is in forest area in southwest china where forest fires occured frequently and monitoring them was quite difficult. Principal purpose of the study is to increase the accuracy Of discovering forest fire. The study involved imagery processing technique on microcomputer, geographic information system (GIS) and distribudtion law of forest fire as well as information extract technique of forest fire from NOAA-AVHRR data and application of eXpert system (ES). The paper introduced research methods of the study, descriped principle of its achievements and further prospected main research aspectS in this field.

This paper discusses in detail future development of geographic information system (GIS)technique in application and research of land management for next decade years. Main contents include development speed of this application, future support of computer hardware and software techniques for this application,data acquisition techniques related to this application and other relevant and important techniques such as modeling,decision support system and image processing techniques. Otherwise,one method of applying both GPS and GIS in land management is also discussed.

The approach and steps of computer classification and mapping on digital aerial photo image in a case study of land use mapping of a township is presented in this paper. In order to improve the classification precision the way to construct ’multi-channels has shown that the geographic analysis method still plays a predominated role in the computer classification of land use types. The classified image which has been corrected geometrically and is precise in mathmatical base can be registered wit...

In the paper the application of remote sensing technology on the research of the wetland in China are reviewed. The advantage and significance of the remote sensing information for using and protecting the wetland resources are discussed. In the meanwhile, the applied effect and the development trend of remote sensing technology are analsysed.

In accordance with the sedimentary rocks in Keping,Xinjiang,the spectral measurement method was discussed.The spectral characteristics was analyzed.The influence on spectral characteristics of sedimentary rocks from minerals components,surface structure,rock colour,rock weatheding and environments was analyzed.

Radar images from the synthetic aperture radars(SAR)aboard the first European remote sensing satellite ERS 1,the first Japanese remote sensing satellite JERS 1 and American space shuttle(SIR C)have been used to observe oceanic phenomena off the coast of China.The SAR images have revealed features associated with surface waves,internal waves,surface flow patterns and river plumes,detected oil slicks and ships,and mapped underwater bottom topography.The SAR imaging mechanisms of these phenomena are also discussed in the paper.

Spaceborne radar altimeter is able to measure the distance between satellite and mean sea level,the significant wave height,the backscatter coefficient and other oceanography parameters in all weather and all day.It is a very important spaceborne microwave sensor.This paper puts forward a preliminary state amplifier and “full deramp” technique.Its objective is ±10 cm in height measuring.An adaptive tracker built around a microprocessor will perform height tracking function.Because of its high pulse compression rate,low mass and low peak life,the altimeter can easily be spaceborne on various platform.

On the basis of field observation and processing the information from NOAA/AVHRR CCT,the model of remote sensing estimating yield for lowland meadow in the western part of Northeast Plain is established by means of statistical methods in this research.Results show that the way of establishing the model with the green vegetation index (GVI) caculated from CCT is more convenient and reasonable than the one with the GVI corrected by the GVI measured in the field.

In this paper,the spectral features of flood,vegetation and soil has been analysed by NOAA satellite data and the analytic thinking of sticking out water body and vegetation in the same time has been put forward.Owing to requirement of objective analysis,a image processing software system has been established,including a series of pretreatments such as projecting,cuting,enlarging and matching on the image data of NOAA/AVHRR and the analytic methods of fuzzy unsupervised classification,specific value and normalized vegetation indexes to determine the flood regions,calculate its area,device its degreed and provide its distributional picture.All these are scientific basis for flood prevention department.

Some applications of ARSTS in monitoring earthquake,flood and forest fire to reduce damage ultimately were introduced in this paper.Airborne remote sensing technical system(ARSTS) possesses flexible and fast response ability.It plays an important part in real time and dynamically monitoring natural disasters.Based on the different kinds of disasters,such as earthquake,flood and forest fire,we can select the valid remote sensors to monitor them and fastly obtain images of disaster,by using airplane ground image transmitting and receiving system. Based on the ground moible fast image processing system can be determined and analysed the damaged condition and its distribution so as to provide local government to take rescuing measure effectively by applying computer image fast looking,prepocessing,interpreting and analysing techniques,and also long range communicating system to transmit analysed result image to Beijing disaster command post,to form a specialized airborne remote sensing technical system for monitoring disaster.

On the basis of the correlation of the three channel brightness temperatures TB at 20.6 ,31.65, and 90GHz, a new calibration method is proposed with which the calibration coefficients and sky TB can simultaneously be obtained by solving a nonlinear equation system. The feasibility of this method has been demonstrated by a numerical simulation.

Presented in this paper is the integrated system for rice production estimation.The system mainly consists of three parts:(1)data base of the system,including statistical data,tables and images such as natural environmental data,social economic data and TM,NOAA images.(2)System running process.This part of work was mainly conducted with ERDAS image process system and ARC/INFO software as well as some programs developed by the authors.Some key items ,ie,rice area extraction,NOAA image processing,rice growth monitoring and yield estimation,were selected to illustrate the running process of the system.(3)System maintenance,introducing the future work of building a integrated system for rice production estimation.

The realization of automatic mapping of remote sensed information is an important technical means which speed up the remote sensing application.The essay that depended on the character of TM classified image and the principles of thematic mapping has presended the porcedure as well as the method of computer aided cartographic on how to generalize image by means of the layer division filter and combine GIS.This is an instructive research which will improve the technical level of thematic analysis,provide quick and timely data and accelerate the combination of remote sensing with GIS.

The paper explains the concept,features of marine remote sensing,and shows its measure contents,application fields and development aboard and at home.On the basis of studing current development,the authors analyze the development trends of marine remote sensing,and set forth the guiding countermeasures.

As a basic and proficient image processing method,principal component analysis(PCA)is widely used and with various techniques.In this paper,techniques presented include:all band principal component analysis,selective principal component analysis,direct principal component analysis,vegetation masking and anti principal component analysis.A good result was achieved in gold alteration extraction using PCA in Jidong area.

In this paper,methods research on monitoring large area drought by using NOAA-AVHRR image data including their advantages and disadvantages were discussed in Shandong and Henan Provinces.The results showed that they were effective ways to monitor drought with the help of GIS.On the other hand,a study on monitoring soil moisture using airborns SAR image data was introduced.The results indicated that microwave remote sensing would be great potential for monitoring soil moisture.So the further rese...

Several famous calibration algorithms have been studied and found that the image structure calibration algorithm may be of loss of spectrum signature,the RT algorithm is very sensive to atmospheric water vapour;the EL algorithm is effective only on plain areas;the spectrum mixture algorithm is not perfect and so on.These conclusions are very important for practical application of imaging spectral remote sensing.

Some most widely applied models computing radar scattering coefficients from sea surface,i.e.Sass-1,RADSCAT,CMOD.are all derived from extensive data processing of corresponding radarscattering signals along with the sea surface geophysical measurements.As a result,such models are all radar frequency dependent.The discrepancies between model prediction and measurements would be rather serious if such as algorithm is applied to a frequency band quite away from the frequencies,from which the algorithm is derived,Such frequency dependence of models is inconvenient and limits their wider applications.Based on an investigation of radar scattering data sets of different frequencies,a spectrum form of short wind wave and then an algorithm computing radar scattering coefficients from sea surface is proposed in the present paper.The present model is constructed to be applied to wider frequency band.The predictions of sea surface radar scattering by the present mosel agree well with the measurements made by radar scatterometries working at frequencies vareed as widely as from 0.428～34.4 GHz.

This paper exhaustively discussed how to determine the size and location of an external calibration load used in a spaceborne microwave radiometer periodic calibration system similar to SSM/I’s.For the microwave radiometer calibration system onboard the ongoing FY-3 satellite,it is concluded that the hot calibration load should be about 10 cm above the radiometer′s feed and 12～16cm long on each side.

In this paper,based on the the feature analysis of SLAR image in Xianghualing, Hunan province we fromed the integration of multi source geological information by processing geophysical,geochemical and analysising the controlling factors of mineralization.The exploratary model of Sn W deposits of Xianghualing was set up by using discriminatory analysis of multi statistics.The integrated mineralization prediction map has been achieved,the promising area of mineralization was put forward and evaluated after the synthetic analysis of the integration.As a set of practical methods and technique,the research plays an important part in radar imagery in geology and radar geology development.

A model of the specular reflectance of direct Sun light at a rough sea surface was derived by radiative transfer through the atmosphere and water.The distribution of sun glitter in test area was calculated by the model,compared with that in air borne imaging spectrometer data,obtained ,and successfully removed.The relationship between the sun glitter and some parameters was analysed.The results will be helpful to decide the flight conditions to avoid sun glitter.

In this paper mean values of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and their standard deviations in 60 counties or cities of the eastern Gansu province using the NOAA satellite AVHRR data selected the clear days during 1991～1992 have been calculated.Their temporal profiles and histograms of each county are drawn.Three types of county with major crop,grassland and forest mixed with grassland have been selected and comparatively analysed.The space temporal evolution of vegetation index in county destrict level related to the crop and pasture stage is studied.The status of the winter wheat growth cycle during 1991～1992 under serious drought condition is analyzed as a focal point.The results provide the basis of optimum phase and parameters for monitoring drought,crop yield estimation and land use classification.

In this paper,the information of vegetable plot in Shanghai has been extracted from the satellite TM data first time Some important results,the classified TM stereograph and drawing map of vegetable plot distribution in Shanghai with the scale of 1∶100000, have been submitted to the municipal departments in order to give them some good suggestions for the next project for non staple food production in Shanghai Some experiences in extracting the crops as the vegetable with few area quantity,small farmland, large spectral dispersion, have been gained to develop a new application in service for agriculture with remote sensing technology.