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Remote Sensing Technology and Application  2021, Vol. 36 Issue (6): 1247-1258    DOI: 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2021.6.1247
    
The Relationship between the Temporal and Spatial Changes of Snow Cover and Climate and Vegetation in Northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019
Qin Zhao1,2(),Xiaohua Hao2(),Dongcai He1,Jian Wang2,3,Hongyi Li2,Xufeng Wang2
1.College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China
2.Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
3.Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China
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Abstract  

Using the AVHRR daily cloud-free snow cover products of China's long-term series from 1980 to 2019 and the measured snow depth data from weather stations to calculate snow phenology parameter such as snow cover days, snow start days, melt out of snow cover days,length of Snow Period ,snow depth, etc. to study the temporal and spatial distribution of snow phenology. At the same time, combined with ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis data and GIMMS NDVI3g data set to extract meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation) and vegetation factors (The start of growing season, the end of growing season,and the length of growing season), and explore the response of snow phenology changes in northern Xinjiang to meteorological factors and vegetation factors. The results show that the average snow cover days in northern Xinjiang in the past 40 years is 81.62 days/year, 73% of the area is stable snow cover, the snow start days is in November, the melt out of snow cover days is in March, and the length of Snow Period is early November every year to the end of March and early April of the following year; the spatial distribution is uneven, of which the Altay Mountains, the Tianshan Mountains, most of the Tacheng Basin and the Irtysh Valley are the main snow-covered areas. From 1980 to 2019, the proportion of snow cover, snow cover days and the length of Snow Period in northern Xinjiang decreased year by year,the snow start days remained basically unchanged, but the snow start days was significantly advanced.ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis data showed that there was no significant change in precipitation during the snow cover period in northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019, but the significant decrease in the proportion of snow cover indicates that the snow depth in the snowfall area may increase, which is consistent with the gradual increase in snow depth measured by the Northern Xinjiang Meteorological Station.The average temperature is highly correlated with the proportion of snow cover during the snow cover period, the snow cover days, and the length of the snow period, showing a significant negative correlation. The precipitation during the snow cover period is positively correlated with snow cover phenology parameters;snow phenology and its climatic effects have caused the start of growing season to be significantly earlier, and the length of growing season is extended in Northern Xinjiang.

Key words:  AVHRR      Snow cover area      Snow phenology      Meteorological factors      Vegetation factors     
Received:  14 December 2020      Published:  26 January 2022
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Corresponding Authors:  Xiaohua Hao     E-mail:  zhaoqin21@mails.ucas.ac.cn;haoxh@lzb.ac.cn
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Qin Zhao
Xiaohua Hao
Dongcai He
Jian Wang
Hongyi Li
Xufeng Wang

Cite this article: 

Qin Zhao,Xiaohua Hao,Dongcai He,Jian Wang,Hongyi Li,Xufeng Wang. The Relationship between the Temporal and Spatial Changes of Snow Cover and Climate and Vegetation in Northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2021, 36(6): 1247-1258.

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http://www.rsta.ac.cn/EN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2021.6.1247     OR     http://www.rsta.ac.cn/EN/Y2021/V36/I6/1247

Fig.1  Study area
Fig.2  Multi-year average snow phenological parameters of northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019
Fig.3  Changes of snow phenology in hydrological years
Fig.4  Interannual variation of snow phenology
Fig5  Spatial distribution map of the interannual variation of snow phenology in northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019
Fig.6  Changes of meteorological factors in hydrological years
Fig.7  Interannual variation of meteorological factors
积雪参数

积雪期积雪

面积覆盖比例

积雪期

雪深

积雪

日数

积雪

初日

积雪

终日

积雪

期长度

全年平均气温-0.48***-0.27*-0.52***0.29*-0.27*-0.53***
积雪期平均气温-0.42***-0.43***-0.43***0.25-0.21-0.44***
消融期平均气温-0.49***0.18-0.51***-0.14-0.44***-0.48***
全年降水量0.270.42***0.31*-0.090.190.31*
积雪期降水量0.120.68***0.120.040.090.10
消融期降水量-0.020.16-0.01-0.16-0.10-0.03
Table 1  Correlation analysis of snow phenology and meteorological factors in year
Fig.8  Interannual variation of vegetation factors
返青期枯黄期生长期
积雪期积雪面积覆盖比例0.39**-0.28-0.38**
积雪期雪深0.260.05-0.11
积雪日数0.43**-0.29-0.41**
积雪初日-0.280.180.26
积雪终日0.43**-0.38**-0.46***
积雪期0.50***-0.41**-0.52***
全年平均气温-0.66***0.38**0.59***
全年平均降水0.42**0.02-0.22
积雪期平均气温-0.56***0.33*0.51***
积雪期平均降水0.32*0.20-0.05
融雪期平均气温-0.140.280.25
融雪期平均降水0.12-0.10-0.13
Table 2  The correlation of snow phenology, meteorological factors and vegetation factors in time
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