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Remote Sensing Technology and Application  2022, Vol. 37 Issue (3): 681-691    DOI: 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.3.0681
    
Tree-height Characterization of Karst Degraded Tiankeng Underground Forests Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
yongyong Zhang1,2(),Wei Shui1,2(),Jie Feng1,2,Xiang Sun1,2,Xiaorui Sun1,2,Yuanmeng Liu1,2,Hui Li1,2
1.College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China
2.Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of Ministry of Education,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China
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Abstract  

Based on UAV extraction of tree height characteristics of underground forests in graded karst Tiankeng, we explored the relationship between the growth strategy of tree height and the local enclosure habitat of graded Tiankeng, and studied the value of graded Tiankeng as a refuge for species. The graded Tiankeng was reconstructed in three dimensions by unmanned aerial remote sensing technology to extract tree height information inside and outside the graded Tiankeng.The results showed that the average tree height in the underground forest of degraded Tiankengs is about 5m higher than the surface. The average tree height in the underground forest is 10.47 m; the average tree height on the surface is 5.43 m; and the average tree height on the south slope of the surface is 5.75 m. The distribution characteristics of tree height in the Tiankeng are significantly influenced by elevation. Under the effect of karst Tiankeng microhabitats, the underground forest in the Tiankeng has a significant advantage in tree height compared with the surface outside the Tiankeng. Light is the main factor of intra- and interspecific competition among tree species in the underground forest, and vertical gradient is the primary feature of tree height distribution pattern of degraded Tiankeng vegetation. UAV remote sensing technology has the potential to be promoted as it can quickly obtain information on tree height in degraded Tiankeng underground forests.

Key words:  Tiankeng      Underground forest      UAV      Tree height     
Received:  19 March 2021      Published:  25 August 2022
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Corresponding Authors:  Wei Shui     E-mail:  zh_yongyong@163.com;shuiweiman@163.com
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yongyong Zhang
Wei Shui
Jie Feng
Xiang Sun
Xiaorui Sun
Yuanmeng Liu
Hui Li

Cite this article: 

yongyong Zhang,Wei Shui,Jie Feng,Xiang Sun,Xiaorui Sun,Yuanmeng Liu,Hui Li. Tree-height Characterization of Karst Degraded Tiankeng Underground Forests Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2022, 37(3): 681-691.

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http://www.rsta.ac.cn/EN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.3.0681     OR     http://www.rsta.ac.cn/EN/Y2022/V37/I3/681

Fig.1  Location map of the study area
Fig.2  UAV data processing and CHM extraction workflow diagram
Fig.3  Local zoomed-in images of tree vertices extraction results in graded Tiankeng underground forest and surface samples
编号 ID

提取

株树

目视解译株树误判株树漏判株树精度
总体精度 OA错分精度 CE漏分精度 OE
总计2325230415413395.34%6.54%5.51%
S118918016795.00%8.89%3.89%
S219821071994.29%3.33%9.05%
B25123819694.54%7.98%2.52%
SG121823822291.60%0.84%9.24%
SG220718919190.48%10.05%0.53%
SG3247252162198.02%6.35%8.33%
BG1219223222698.21%9.87%11.66%
BG219317818391.57%10.11%1.69%
BG347481297.92%2.08%4.17%
BG42792747298.18%2.55%0.73%
BG5277274272498.91%9.85%8.76%
Table 1  Accuracy analysis of tree extraction in graded Tiankeng underground forest and surface samples
Fig.4  Verification of accuracy of tree height stand parameters in degraded Tiankeng underground forests
Fig.5  DOM, CHM, DSM, DEM extraction results of inside and ouside in Tiankengs
Fig.6  Extraction results of tree height stand parameters in graded Tiankeng underground forests and surface samples
编号树高 <5 m树高 5 m~10 m树高 10 m~15 m树高>15 m总株数株数密度(株/m2)
坑内S1186356521890.02
S2246352591980.02
B4514054122510.03
坑内汇总(24 300 m2)87/13.64%266/41.69%162/25.39%123/19.28%6380.03
地表SG112592102180.03
SG219116002070.03
SG3421564902470.03
BG151168002190.03
BG214050301930.02
BG3361100470.01
BG4176100302790.03
BG51461072402770.03
地表汇总(64 800 m2)907/53.76%700/41.49%80/4.74%0/0.00%16870.03
Table 2  Statistics on the number of plants in karst Tiankeng underground forest and surface samples
Fig.7  Comparison of tree height between underground forest and surface samples in karst Tiankeng
Fig.8  Relationship between tree height on the south slope of the Tiankeng underground forest and the surface with DEM and slope
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