Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an effective means and important component in sustainable urban planning and management. The theory, method, technology as well as regulations on EIA have been set up stage by stage in the last decades since the official development of the first EIA system.However, there are still many problems to be solved in practical EIA activities. One of these problems is the management of spatial data as well as non-spatial data. In the past spatial data were handled manually in EIA,which proved to be inefficient. The authors combined GIS technology and air quality assessment mathematical models, and developed a system for urban air quality assessment. The system utilizes GIS functions to capture,edit, manage, and analyze spatial data involved in EIA activities, such as geographical layout of pollution sources and sensitive receivers. At the same time most of attribute data relevant to such spatial data can also be processed in GIS. In addition, a Visual Basic program was developed to call external mathematical models CALINE4 and ISCST3 to calculate parameter values indicating urban air quality. The system has been successfully applied in the Hong Kong urban planning project, and the result seems to be promising.
Rapid development of urban makes the data update more often than ever. It' s important to detect changes in urban area in timely for the planner and the manager of urban. In this paper, change detection of man-made objects in urban area from based on stereo image analysis are introduced.In this paper, change detection of man-made objects based on aerial images is introduced. In this paper,we can apply information of the height of man-made objects to reinforce theirs change detection, and new and old digital surface models (DSMs) are created automatically respectively by image matching firstly. By comparing the new and old DSMs the changed regions are extracted. As we known, there is not only the information of the height of man-made objects but also the information of the height of others such as trees.However, it' s purpose for us to detect changes of man-made objects in urban area. We further detect the changes of man-made objects in the potential changes areas by the means of gradient direction histogram, image matching and line-feature matching. The experiments in this papapebased on the aerial images from Japan have proven that the algorithm is correct, efficient, simple and easy operation.
As its importance in the environment pollution management, the characteristics, function and data demands of the information system for city environment emergency responding are firstly discussed in this paper. From the hints implied by those discussions, the role of GIS techniques in environment emergency responding system is revealed. With an example of Zhangjiakou system of such kind, we introduce some simple applications of GIS in the environment pollution management, including database content, development platform, major functions, and etc.. And some opinions are given on the GIS' further application in the field.
Using 1980s and 2000 TM as a primary data source and processing by atmosphere and geometric
correction, we get dynamic coverage by visual interpreting under MGE environment. Then we select Inner
Mongolia grassland dynamic coverage. In GRID, this coverage is changed into 100 m*100 m as a mask.
According to the conditions of study area, we choose slope, aridity, soil erosion etc as environment background
factors. We get environment background coverage under mask coverage. Finally, we combine the grassland
coverage and every environment background coverage under GRID. The shifting farmland and grassland is
main change of grassland in Inner Mongolia, whereas the shifting urban less, moreover grassland degradation is
becoming serious. Grassland change fastens on several degrees of environment index because of region law
restrict and transition characteristic, which lies the change value getting its max at middle index and min at
both of end. What the grassland change happens cover the good environment, which shows the nature limit.
The most bigness change area of grassland is high cover grassland and the most smallness is low cover
grassland. With the degree of grassland cover decreasing, the grassland degradation is getting more serious.
Remote sensing images acquired by the sensors at platforms near land surface, airplane and satellite,
usually have large volume and miscellaneous data formats. So it is not feasible to browse remote sensing images
on Internet so that the users can evaluate the quality of images and select the suitable images. Moreover, it is
inefficient to read and transfer remote sensing images in a standard image viewer real-timely due to their
miscellaneous data formats. In order to clear up the problems, the metadata and microimage are extracted from
various remote sensing images, managed by Microsoft SQL server, and browsed and evaluated on Internet to
decide which images are the real wanted. The process of working includes the 4 steps. 1) Create metadata for
the remote sensing images. The metadata consist of image data format, longitude and latitude of image range,
date and time, spatial resolution, sensor attributes (field of view, bands, performance and precision etc),
platform attributes (stand near land surface, airplane or satellite), flight path or orbit attributes of aerial and
space observation etc. 2) Create microimage for remote sensing image. Firstly, the remote sensing images are
projected to the same coordinate system by the geometric correction, so all images can be matched correctly.
Then the microimages are built through 1∶10 or 1∶5 cubic convolution sampling the corrected images.3).
Build a database to store and manage the metadata and microimages, and create pointers to hyperlink the
remote sensing images self.4) Develop the browse interface, publish the remote sensing image base on Internet,
and receive the users' order forms. The wanted images will be sent on CDROM if the orders are accepted. The
interface is visualized. Here, a color spectrum is used to express the bands. A clock is for time and landscape is
for days in one year. And place is located by moving your mouse on the map. The pixel sizes are shown through
levels on a pyramid. By this metadata and microimage approach, the remote sensing images can be browsed,
evaluated and ordered on Internet conveniently. It is feasible way to manage the remote sensing images.
Based on the abundant research of domestic and oversea materials,this artlcle systematically mastered
the development and application of the imaging spectrum technology. Furthermore, adopting ground
hyperspectral measurement,aerial imaging spectroscopy, space hyperspectral data processing and interior data
simulation,the author deeply studied the multi-source data mining, weak feature extraction, spectral modeling
and classification technology. Integrated the analysis of spectral absorption characteristic, the technology of
imaging spectrocopy mineral mapping is mainly researched. At last, on the base of imaging spectrum dada
characteristic and application requirement, a processing diagram of data mining and mineral mapping was
achieved.
Terrain mapping technology plays a very important role in Geography Information System and
Terrain aided navigation. Terrain mapping technology has developed from past manual mapping to automatic
mapping by many means now. Especially terrain mapping by a airborne laser radar or a satellite laser radar is a
very advanced technology. It has been popularly adopted internationally. Comparing with the traditional
mapping technology, this technology is more precise and more real in time and it can work day and night, and
so on. Briefly the paper introduces a new method to make a DEM by a airborne laser radar combining with
Global Positioning System and Inertial navigation technology. In the band area, the method is more efficient
and precise.
SAR remote-sensing instruments with the capabilities of all weather and all day/night, penetration,
and terrain detection, especially the development of new imaging radar technologies, i.e. polarimetric SAR
(PolSAR) and interferometric SAR (INSAR), provide unique geological environmental information, quite
different from, yet complementary to passive systems such as visible, infrared and passive microwave
radiometers. As active instruments, they provide their own illumination, which is minimally affected by
weather conditions and time of day or night. SAR instruments are sensitive to topographic features, surface
roughness, and to changes in dielectric constant. In addition, the synthetic aperture technique of SAR image
formation provides very high resolution imagery (in the several meters to several hundred meters range). These
characteristics of SAR data make them extraordinarily useful for many operational geologic mapping and
monitoring activities.SAR data provide unique information about geology, such as lineament features, fault zone, stratum outcrop,and volcanic formation, as well as critical data for geological hazards and mine resource assessments.Interferometric measurement capabilities uniquely provided by SAR are required to generate global topographic maps, to monitor surface topographic change, and to monitor earthquake and volcanic movement.
Multiparameter SAR data are crucial for accurate lithology classification, measuring terrain change, delineation
of geology mapping.The development of geology application of radar remote sensing technology is reviewed in this paper through the development of SAR, that is, from single-band, single polarization to multi-band, multipolarization, then to PolSAR and INSAR.
The article introduces such the application types of wavelet transform in analyzing Remote Sensing
image, as image compacting, Remote Sensing image fusion of various origins, image noise removing, image
edge detecting and grain information extracting. And the article also discusses the characters and effects of
wavelet transform in various image application types. Furthermore, the article explains some wavelet transform
methods of Remote Sensing image analyzing in recent years. and presents validity of these algorisms. In the end
of the artile,application inclination of wavelet transform is discussed in Remote Sensing image analyzing. And
some problems about image process with wavelet transform, which has not been solved, are also presented.
Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) is very important in study of microwave remote sensing in modern
remote sensing technology, which is independent of time and the weather conditions. The method of generating
image and information is different to visible sensor. This paper gives the detail of SAR image information
characteristics, processing procedure,algorithm development and various applications. Denoising algorithms,
texture analysis, linear feature and multi features extraction from SAR images and so on are studied
emphatically. SAR images have most wide applications. Military applications are primarily concerned with
detecting and recognizing targets. Unique properties of SAR data are now being exploited to aid further the
exploitation of natural resources by detecting the lineament features and anti-cline structures which may indicate
the presence of mineerl deposits. SAR signal processing algorithms have been applied to medical data to produce
detailed images. Finally, prospects for further development of techniques for extracting information from SAR
images is discussed based on its current state.
