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遥感技术与应用  2021, Vol. 36 Issue (3): 649-662    DOI: 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2021.3.0649
遥感应用     
基于ASTER数据对中非裂谷系东部地表构造解释及油气信息提取
刘翔1,2,3(),樊海龙4,郭建明1,2(),许世阳5
1.中国科学院西北生态资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
2.甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室/中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
4.长安大学 工程机械学院,陕西 西安 710064
5.甘肃省地震局,甘肃 兰州 730000
Surface Structure Interpretation and Oil and Gas Information Extraction from ASTER on East Central African Rift System
Xiang Liu1,2,3(),Hailong Fan4,Jianming Guo1,2(),Shiyang Xu5
1.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
2.Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources,Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
4.Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment,School of Construction Machinery,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China
5.Earthquake Administration of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China
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摘要:

获取Doseo盆地和Salamat盆地ASTER遥感数据进行预处理,利用波段比值法及主成分分析法提取粘土蚀变、碳酸盐岩蚀变、铁离子(Fe2+、Fe3+)蚀变等异常信息,圈定遥感异常区。异常解译显示,异常区域主要分布在Salamat盆地和Doseo盆地西南侧,异常强度以一级为中心向四周扩散。高渗漏区粘土矿物蚀变异常极为明显,其次为碳酸盐岩异常,铁离子蚀变异常最不明显。地表地质解释表明,中非剪切带为右行走滑断裂,断裂两侧发育与主断裂斜交的雁列式断层或褶皱,主剪切带在宏观影像上呈反“S”形,走向北东,断层转折部位为松弛拉伸区域,形成Salamat和Doseo拉分盆地,盆地内部发育大量扭张类构造样式。异常区域与断裂分布的对应关系较好,指示油气渗漏受断裂控制,断裂带为油气渗漏提供通道,使地表油气异常信息较为明显。该研究为中非裂谷系油气勘探提供参考。

关键词: 中非裂谷系东部ASTER数据蚀变矿物油气微渗漏构造特征    
Abstract:

By extracting and preprocessing ASTER remote sensing data of Salamat Basin and Doseo Basin, analyzing anomaly minerals information of clay, carbonate and ferrum, it carried out the remote sensing interpretation of structure and surface geological features, acquired hydrocarbon remote sensing anomaly area and conducted the petroleum geological evaluation. The results of surface structures and geological interpretation indicate that tectonic characteristic of the Central African Rift System is a shear zone while Salamat Basin and Doseo Basin are pull-apart basins that formed when the shear faulted. Salamat Basin and southern Doseo Basin are distributed with fractures and both sides of the fault have development of echelon fault or fold obliquely crossing with the main fracture. The main shear zone in the macro-view image appears converse "S" to the north east. Comparing with the known oil well, it shows that clay mineral alteration anomaly at the well is obvious, followed by carbonate alteration anomaly, and the iron ion alteration anomaly is weakest. Through analyzing on remote sensing area of Salamat and Doseo Basin, the Level 1 anomaly areas are mostly distributed in the fracture development zone, showing that seepage of oil and gas is controlled by fracture, and the fracture zone provides favorable channel for the seepage, which makes the ground oil and gas anomaly information obvious. The research has extracted alteration anomaly area which provides reference for further exploration.

Key words: East Central African Rift System    ASTER data    Mineral alteration    Oil and gas seepage    Constructional features
收稿日期: 2019-12-20 出版日期: 2021-07-22
ZTFLH:  P627  
基金资助: 中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB3-12)
通讯作者: 郭建明     E-mail: liuxiang171@mails.ucas.ac.cna;gjm2001@yahoo.com
作者简介: 刘翔(1995-),男,江苏潥阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事构造地质方面的研究。E?mail:liuxiang171@mails.ucas.ac.cna
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引用本文:

刘翔,樊海龙,郭建明,许世阳. 基于ASTER数据对中非裂谷系东部地表构造解释及油气信息提取[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2021, 36(3): 649-662.

Xiang Liu,Hailong Fan,Jianming Guo,Shiyang Xu. Surface Structure Interpretation and Oil and Gas Information Extraction from ASTER on East Central African Rift System. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2021, 36(3): 649-662.

链接本文:

http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2021.3.0649        http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V36/I3/649

图1  研究区位置
图2  研究区综合地层柱状图
图3  ASTER数据处理流程图
图4  蚀变矿物波谱曲线图
图5  Salamat盆地和Doseo盆地ASTER粘土矿物异常及蚀变结果(a) Salamat盆地ASTER粘土矿物异常 (b) Doseo盆地ASTER粘土矿物异常
图6  Salamat盆地与Doseo盆地ASTER碳酸盐矿物异常及蚀变结果(a) Salamat盆地ASTER碳酸盐矿物异常 (b) Doseo盆地ASTER碳酸盐矿物异常
图7  Salamat盆地与Doseo盆地ASTER含铁矿物异常及蚀变结果(a) Salamat盆地ASTER含铁矿物异常 (b)Doseo盆地ASTER含铁矿物异常
蚀变矿物123456789
粘土反射吸收反射
碳酸盐反射反射吸收吸收反射
Fe3+离子反射反射反射反射反射
Fe2+离子反射吸收吸收
表1  蚀变矿物波谱在ASTER数据中的波段特征
蚀变矿物波段比值法主成分分析法
粘土B6/B4B1、B3、B4、B6
碳酸盐B1、B3、B4、(B5+B8)/2
Fe3+离子B2/B1B1、B2、B3、B4
Fe2+离子(B5/B3)+(B2/B1)
表2  矿物蚀变信息提取方法
图8  Salamat盆地与Doseo盆地ASTER遥感综合异常解译图(a)Salamat盆地ASTER遥感综合异常 (b)Doseo盆地ASTER遥感综合异常((图中红色范围代表一级异常分布的主要区域))
图9  Salamat盆地与Doseo盆地地表南部断裂图(a) Salamat盆地南缘断裂平面影像与分布特征 (b) Doseo盆地东南缘见褶皱和断裂构造
图10  中非裂谷系构造形成机理
图11  中非裂谷系西部盆地群沉积地层厚度与典型地质剖面
图12  Salamat盆地和Deseo盆地遥感异常区油气异常分布图(a) Salamat盆地遥感异常区油气异常分布 (b)Deseo盆地遥感异常区油气异常分布
图13  油气综合异常分布图
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