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遥感技术与应用  2022, Vol. 37 Issue (1): 137-147    DOI: 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.1.0137
青促会十周年专栏     
三江源蒸散发遥感估算及其时空分布特征研究
赵天玮1,2(),朱文彬2(),裴亮1,宝康妮1,2
1.辽宁工程技术大学 测绘与地理科学学院,辽宁 阜新 123000
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程院重点实验室,北京 100101
Remote Sensing Estimation of Terrestrial Evapotranspiration and Analysis of Its Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics over the Three-River Headwater Region
Tianwei Zhao1,2(),Wenbin Zhu2(),Liang Pei1,Kangni Bao1,2
1.School of Geomatics,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China
2.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
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摘要:

蒸散发是地表水热平衡的基本变量,也是衡量植被生长水分适应性的重要指标。针对三江源地面实测资料匮乏的现状,以MODIS系列产品为主要数据源,通过对地表温度—植被指数特征空间法的改进,在日尺度实现了该地区2011~2019年蒸散发的连续遥感估算,并进一步解析其时空变化特征与影响因子,揭示不同土地覆被类型的蒸散发差异,以期为三江源畜牧业可持续发展与生态环境保护提供支撑。对比分析表明:蒸散发的估算结果达到了现有遥感蒸散发产品的精度要求,可用于分析三江源地区蒸散发的时空变化特征。近9年,三江源蒸散发总体呈现先减少后增加趋势,多年平均值为420.04 mm;受海拔与降水控制,蒸散发空间分布异质性明显,从东南向西北逐渐减少;3 194~4 620 m海拔范围内,蒸散发随海拔高度增加呈单峰型变化,站点尺度年蒸散发与降水量之间的相关系数为0.71。虽然不同土地覆被分类系统下蒸散发的统计结果存在差异,但单位面积蒸散发具有林地>灌丛/灌木林>草地/草甸>裸土地/无植被区的明显特征,像元尺度多年平均蒸散发与植被覆盖度的相关系数高达0.77。

关键词: 蒸散发时空分布遥感估算土地覆被三江源    
Abstract:

Terrestrial Evapotranspiration (ET), defined as the sum of water lost to atmosphere from soil through evaporation and plant transpiration, is a primary process driving the energy and water exchange among the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Facing a significant warm-wet change in the Three-River Headwater Region (TRHR), accurate ET information is of great importance for a wide range of applications including water resources management, hydrometeorological predictions and ecological protection. However, due to the complex topography and sparse distribution of ground-based meteorological observations, the accurate estimation of ET over the TRHR is always not easy. The traditional surface temperature-vegetation index triangular/trapezoidal characteristic space was transformed from regional to pixel scale based on land surface energy balance principle, so daily ET over the TRHR from 2011 to 2019 could be retrieved continuously from a series of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products. Then we analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of ET and its influencing factors over the study region with special focus on ET difference over a variety of land cover types. Comparison between our estimation with other remote sensing-based ET products shows that the accuracy of our algorithms has reached a comparable level, which lays a good basis for further analysis. Results show that ET in recent nine years over the whole TRHR decreased first and then increased with annual average value of 420.04 mm. Controlled by altitude and precipitation, the distribution of ET varied significantly in space with the high values in the southeast and low values in the northwest. ET with the elevation between 3 194 m and 4 620 m increased first and then deceased with altitude. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between annual precipitation and ET at site scale was 0.71. The ET statistics of natural ecosystems varied with different land use/cover maps, but all statistics show clearly that ET per unit area followed the order: forest land > shrubland > grassland > bare land. The r between vegetation coverage and annual ET was as high as 0.77 at pixel scale.

Key words: Evapotranspiration    Temporal-spatial distribution    Remote sensing estimation    Land cover    Three-River Headwater Region
收稿日期: 2021-10-27 出版日期: 2022-04-08
ZTFLH:  P426.2  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目“大尺度土壤含水量与陆面蒸散发耦合优化模拟研究”(42077032);青海三江源生态保护和建设二期工程科研和推广项目(2018?S?3);中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目(2020056)
通讯作者: 朱文彬     E-mail: zhaotvv@163.com;zhuwb@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介: 赵天玮(1997-),女,辽宁营口人,硕士研究生,主要从事遥感影像信息识别与提取研究。E?mail:zhaotvv@163.com
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引用本文:

赵天玮,朱文彬,裴亮,宝康妮. 三江源蒸散发遥感估算及其时空分布特征研究[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2022, 37(1): 137-147.

Tianwei Zhao,Wenbin Zhu,Liang Pei,Kangni Bao. Remote Sensing Estimation of Terrestrial Evapotranspiration and Analysis of Its Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics over the Three-River Headwater Region. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2022, 37(1): 137-147.

链接本文:

http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.1.0137        http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V37/I1/137

图1  三江源地理位置与海拔分布图审图号:GS(2016)2556号
MODIS产品分辨率所用参数
MOD031 km太阳天顶角
MOD06_L21 km

云量、云的光学厚度、云的发射率、

云顶温度和地表温度

MOD07_L25 km空气温度与露点温度
MOD11A11 km地表温度与地表发射率
MOD13A21 km归一化植被指数
MCD12Q1500 m土地覆被类型
MCD43B31 km白空与黑空反照率
表1  研究中涉及的MODIS产品
图2  本研究蒸散发估算结果与GLEAM、甘海洪(ET_甘)估算结果的对比分析图[48]
图3  三江源地区蒸散发时间变化趋势图
图4  三江源地区多年平均蒸散发空间分布图 审图号:GS(2016)2556
图5  海拔高度—蒸散发—降水量关系图
图6  植被覆盖度与陆面蒸散发之间的关系图
图7  三江源不同土地覆被类型单位面积年均蒸散发箱形图
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