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遥感技术与应用  2022, Vol. 37 Issue (6): 1492-1503    DOI: 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.6.1492
遥感应用     
基于梯度视角的城市建筑形态对地表温度的影响
谭磊琪1(),周亮1,2,3(),李丽3,袁博1,4,胡凤宁1,5
1.兰州交通大学 测绘与地理信息学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
2.自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室,广东 深圳 518034
3.中国科学院兰州分院,甘肃 兰州 730000
4.甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
5.地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
Influence of Urban Buildings Forms on Land Surface Temperature: From a Gradient Perspective
Leiqi Tan1(),Liang Zhou1,2,3(),Li Li3,Bo Yuan1,4,Fengning Hu1,5
1.Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
2.Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation of Ministry of;Natural Resources,Shenzhen 518034,China
3.Lanzhou Branch Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 73000,China
4.Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China
5.National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National;Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China
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摘要:

为探索不同城市建筑形态对地表温度影响的梯度与城市间差异,研究以西安、郑州、济南为研究区,基于Landsat-8 TIRS影像和城市三维建筑数据,通过多元线性回归模型分析了这3个城市中建筑形态对不同季节地表温度在城市整体和梯度尺度上的影响并比较其差异性:①夏季和冬季中地表温度受城市建筑形态影响最大的城市分别为西安(R2=0.414)和济南(R2=0.300)。建筑覆盖率和平均建筑高度分别对3个城市夏季和冬季地表温度影响最大,且分别表现为正向与负向影响。②对建筑覆盖率进行梯度分级后,发现当覆盖率小于20%时,建筑体积密度对3个城市有较强的降温作用;当覆盖率处于20%—40%时,平均建筑高度显著降低3个城市地表温度;当覆盖率处于40%—60%时,天空可视因子对3个城市有一定增温作用;当覆盖率大于60%时,平均建筑高度大幅度降低济南地表温度。③西安、济南、郑州低层建筑的平均地表温度分别为9.5℃、7.7℃、6.1℃,3个城市的地表温度由低层到高层都呈下降趋势,且每个梯度内西安的地表温度均高于郑州和济南。研究结果表明:合理规划城市建筑形态,有利于缓解中心城市地表温度过高的现象。

关键词: 地表温度城市形态建筑指标城市化空间分布    
Abstract:

To explore the gradient and difference of the influence of different urban building forms on LST, Xi 'an, Zhengzhou, Jinan as the research area, based on Landsat 8 TIRS images and urban 3D building data. Based on the multiple linear regression model, the influences of building form on LST in different seasons in the three cities were analyzed and the differences were compared :(1) the cities with the largest influence on LST in summer and winter were Xi 'an (R2=0.414) and Jinan (R2=0.300). The building coverage rate and average building height have the greatest impact on LST in summer and winter, respectively, with positive and negative impacts. (2) After the gradient classification of building coverage, it is found that when the coverage rate is less than 20%, the building volume density has a strong cooling effect on the three cities; When the coverage rate is 20%—40%, the average building height significantly reduces the surface temperature of the three cities. When the coverage rate is 40%—60%, the sky visible factor has a certain warming effect on the three cities, when the coverage rate is greater than 60%, the average building height greatly reduces the surface temperature of Jinan. (3) The average surface temperature of low-rise buildings in Xi 'an, Jinan and Zhengzhou is 9.5 ℃, 7.7 ℃ and 6.1 ℃, respectively. The surface temperature of the three cities shows a downward trend from low-rise to high-rise, and the surface temperature of Xi 'an is higher than that of Zhengzhou and Jinan in each gradient. The research shows that rational planning of urban building form is beneficial to alleviate the phenomenon of high surface temperature in central cities.

Key words: Land surface temperature    Urban form    Building indicators    Urbanization    Spatial distribution
收稿日期: 2021-09-14 出版日期: 2023-02-15
ZTFLH:  TP79  
基金资助: 甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(21JR7RA281);自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室开放基金(KF?2020?05?067);甘肃省2021年重点人才项目(2021RCXM073);兰州交通大学(201806┫优秀平台资助)
通讯作者: 周亮     E-mail: tanleiqi888@163.com;zhougeo@126.com
作者简介: 谭磊琪(1997—),男,陕西宝鸡人,硕士研究生,主要从事城市热环境研究。E?mail: tanleiqi888@163.com
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引用本文:

谭磊琪,周亮,李丽,袁博,胡凤宁. 基于梯度视角的城市建筑形态对地表温度的影响[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2022, 37(6): 1492-1503.

Leiqi Tan,Liang Zhou,Li Li,Bo Yuan,Fengning Hu. Influence of Urban Buildings Forms on Land Surface Temperature: From a Gradient Perspective. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2022, 37(6): 1492-1503.

链接本文:

http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.6.1492        http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V37/I6/1492

图1  研究区
图2  西安、郑州、济南夏季冬季地表温度空间分布
图3  西安、郑州、济南冬夏建筑指标对地表温度贡献度
指标计算公式描述
平均建筑高度(AH)AH=i=1nHi/n表示楼房平均高度,Hi 代表分析单元内第i个建筑高度,n代表分析单元内建筑个数
建筑覆盖率(BCR)BCR=i=1nSi/SAU×100%表示水平方向建筑的密集程度,Si 代表第i个建筑的基地面积,SAU 代表分析单元面积
建筑容积率(FAR)FAR=i=1nSiFi/SAU表示单位面积上的建筑容量,Si 代表第i个建筑基地面积,Fi 代表建筑楼层数,SAU 代表分析单元面积
平均建筑体积(AV)AV=i=1nVi/n表示平均建筑体积,Vi 代表分析单元内第i个建筑的体积,n代表建筑个数
建筑体积密度(BVD)BVD=i=1nVi/SAU表示一定区域内建筑密度指数,Vi 代表第i个建筑体积,n代表建筑个数,SAU 代表分析单元面积
天空可视因子(SVF)在RStudio中利用horizon和raster模块进行计算表示测量天空在给定点的周围环境遮挡程度,值在0-1之间
表1  建筑形态参数与描述
图4  BCR梯度等级下景观指标与地表温度关系
图5  平均建筑高度梯度等级下地表温度分布特征
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