A large number of new urban areas have emerged under the rapid urbanization background in recent years in China，and the characteristics of urban thermal environment have significant changes.To analyze the thermal environment diversities between old urban areas and new urban areas and explore the impacting factors，we chose Chengdu City in Sichuan Province as a typical study area.Key surface parameters，including Land Surface Temperature (LST)，building index and vegetation index were derived based on Landsat 8 satellite image acquired on August 13，2014.The comparison study was conducted to analyze the differences of the parameters related to thermal environment changes，and the results indicated that：①Overall,the average surface temperature of the old urban area was higher than that of the new urban area.Regarding the spatial distribution，the central and northern region had higher temperature than the southern region for the old urban areas.In the new urban areas，although high temperature spots can be found in the central west or north，this region generally had a relatively low temperature.②The old urban area emphasized a higher Urban\|Heat\|Island\|Ratio\|Index (URI)，which revealed the descending trend of surface temperature via analyzing the thermal field profile from the old to the new.This showed that the urban thermal environment effect of the old city was stronger than the new urban area.③“Heat Island Effect” was easy to emerge in those areas with high density urban construction and little urban vegetation coverage，whereas reasonable urban landscape planning and layout would help to perfect the urban thermal environment.The comparison of the thermal environment effects between the new urban areas and the old urban areas shows the new urban planning in Chengdu has positively contributed to improve the thermal environment in the new urban areas，which can provide important reference for the future urban planning.