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遥感技术与应用
模型与反演     
两种相态降水粒子对微波、毫米波衰减特性的影响分析
王金虎1,2,3,4,葛俊祥1,5 ,魏鸣1,2,3,张其林1,2,3,李祥超1,2,3
(1.南京信息工程大学 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏 南京 210044;
2.南京信息工程大学 气象灾害教育部重点实验室,江苏 南京 210044;
3.南京信息工程大学 中国气象局气溶胶—云—降水重点开放实验室,江苏 南京 210044;
4.南京信息工程大学 大气科学与环境气象国家级实验教学示范中心,江苏 南京 210044;
5.南京信息工程大学 江苏省气象探测与信息处理重点实验室,江苏 南京 210044)
Effects Analysis of Two-phase Precipitations on Microwave and Millimeter-wave Attenuation Characteristics
Wang Jinhu1,2,3,4,Ge Junxiang1,5,Wei Ming1,2,3,Zhang Qilin1,2,3,Li Xiangchao 1,2,3
(1.Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Universityof Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;3.Key Laboratory for Aerosol\|Cloud\|Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;4.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Atmospheric Science and Environmental MeteorologyEducation,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;5.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
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摘要:
厘米波雷达和毫米波雷达已广泛应用于云以及降水的观测,实际观测时会遇到不同相态(液相或者冰相)的降水粒子,研究气象雷达电磁波探测两种相态降水粒子时衰减特性的差异有助于更好地利用雷达回波信息反演降水粒子的微物理参数。假设气象雷达发射的频率分别为3、6、10 GHz(厘米波雷达)以及35、94、140、220 GHz(毫米波雷达),研究两种相态球形降水粒子的复介电常数随温度以及频率的变化,利用Lorenz\|Mie理论研究单个降水粒子的衰减效率后发现,冰相降水粒子的振荡幅度大于液相降水粒子的幅度,虽然液相降水粒子的介电常数值大于冰相降水粒子的介电常数值。假设降水粒子谱满足M—P谱分布,计算降水粒子群的衰减系数随降雨率以及温度的变化,结果表明:当雷达发射频率≤35 GHz时,液相降水粒子群的衰减系数大于冰相降水粒子群的衰减系数,但当雷达发射频率≥94 GHz时,冰相降水粒子群的衰减系数大于液相降水粒子群的结果,原因在于此时冰相降水粒子衰减效率的振荡幅度及频次均大于液相降水粒子的情况。无论是冰相还是液相降水粒子群,其衰减系数随温度变化的影响较小,最后分别建立两种相态降水粒子的衰减系数与降雨率及温度的经验关系式。
 
关键词: 厘米波气象雷达;毫米波气象雷达;冰相;液相;M&mdashP分布;衰减特性    
Abstract: Centimeter\|wave radar and millimeter wave radar have been widely used to detect cloud and precipitation,two\|phase precipitations may be detected when radars detect meteorological targets and the study on the attenuation characteristics of two\|phase precipitations can help us retrieve the micro\|physical parameters of precipitation particles using radar echoes.Assuming precipitation meets M—P distribution,variations in the attenuation coefficient of precipitation as functions of rainfall rate and temperature,the results showed when the transmitting frequency of radar is less than or equal to 35 GHz,the attenuation coefficient of liquid\|phase precipitation is larger than that of ice\|phase precipitation,however this case is reverse when the transmitting frequency of radar is greater than 94 GHz,the reason is oscillating amplitude and times of the attenuation efficiency in the case of ice\|phase precipitation particle are larger than that of liquid\|phase precipitation particle.Whether ice\|phase precipitation particle or liquid\|phase precipitation,the attenuation coefficients are less affected by temperature changes.At last,the empirical formulas were established to describe the relationships amongst attenuation coefficient,rainfall rate and temperature.Assuming the frequencies of radars are 3 GHz、6 GHz、10 GHz(Centimeter\|wave)and 35 GHz、94 GHz、140 GHz、220 GHz(millimeter\|wave),variations in the complex dielectric constant of two\|phase spherical precipitations as functions of temperature and frequency would be studied,the attenuation efficiency of single precipitation particle can be computed by Lorenz\|Mie theory and the result showed that the oscillating amplitude of ice\|phase precipitation particle is larger than that of liquid\|phase precipitation particle though the permittivity of liquid\|phase precipitation particle is larger than that of ice\|phase precipitation particle.
Key words: Centimeter\    wave meteorological radar;Millimeter\    wave meteorological radar;Ice phase;Liquid phase;M—P distribution;Attenuation property
收稿日期: 2016-09-30 出版日期: 2018-03-08
:  P407.2,P407.7  
基金资助: 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20170945),南京信息工程大学2017年度地球科学虚拟仿真实验教学课程建设项目(XNFZ2017C02),中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室开放基金项目(KDW1703),2017年大气科学与环境气象实验实习教材建设项目(SXJC2017B03),国家自然科学基金项目(41275004、61372066、41675029),南京信息工程大学人才启动基金资助项目(2016r028)。
作者简介: 王金虎(1987-),男,江苏南通人,博士,讲师,主要从事毫米波雷达系统、粒子散射理论计算与测量以及微波遥感研究。Email:goldtigerwang@nuist.edu.cn。[
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引用本文:

王金虎,葛俊祥,魏鸣,张其林,李祥超. 两种相态降水粒子对微波、毫米波衰减特性的影响分析[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2017.6.1048.

Wang Jinhu,Ge Junxiang,Wei Ming,Zhang Qilin,Li Xiangchao. Effects Analysis of Two-phase Precipitations on Microwave and Millimeter-wave Attenuation Characteristics. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2017.6.1048.

链接本文:

http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2017.6.1048        http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/Y2017/V32/I6/1048

 
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